Light/Laser Flash Analyzer (LFA)

Gel permeation chromatography （GPC）

Contact angle/Surface tension （contact angle）

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)

SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy

Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy/Mass Spectrometry (ICP-OES/MS)

Micro/Nano-Computed Tomography (Micro/Nano CT)

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Atomic Force Microscope AFM

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy-XPS